Coffee Insights

How to Make the Perfect Flat White

February 11, 2026

In this article, we’ll uncover what makes a flat white so distinctive, from its velvety microfoam to its bold espresso base. You’ll learn the steps to pull a perfect shot, steam milk to achieve that silky texture, and pour with precision for a smooth, balanced drink.

What Is a Flat White?

The iconic flat white is a blend of micro-foamed milk poured over espresso, traditionally made in an 8-oz cup. The origins of the flat white are a popular topic of debate, with both Australia and New Zealand claiming to have coined the term in the 1980s. The truth is unclear, and it seems the flat white may have evolved in both places!

Pulling the Perfect Espresso Shot

For professional espresso machines, you’ll want to use a fine grind size to brew your espresso. This helps create resistance, allowing proper pressure to build up in the machine and give you a full extraction (about 30 seconds) for a concentrated, flavourful shot.

The ideal water temperature for brewing espresso is between 90°C and 96°C.

For lighter roasts, aim for 93°C to 96°C.
For darker roasts, stick to 89°C to 92°C.

This helps create a nice balance between bitterness and sweetness.

How to Make a Flat White

You’ll need:

18g of ground coffee

100ml of milk

A small cup, about 150-200ml capacity (or 8-oz)

Method

Use 18g of ground coffee to prepare a double shot of espresso.

Pour your milk of choice into a steaming pitcher. Fill your jug no more than a ⅓ to leave enough space for the milk to expand.

Steam the milk for about 2 seconds until you hear a paper-tearing noise to aerate it. Then raise the milk jug an inch or so and position the steam arm to the side. This should give you a nice swirling motion as you steam the milk. Your milk should be really creamy with a layer of microfoam.

Pour your steamed milk into the centre of your cup. If you’d like to create a heart, simply rock the jug back and forth as you pour, then flick down.

What’s the Difference Between a Latte, a Cappuccino and a Flat White?

Latte	Cappuccino	Flat White
A latte is a milk-based drink that should have only about a finger's worth of foam on top. This drink is perfect for anyone who wants a lighter coffee flavour.	A cappuccino is a frothy drink, with 50% foam and 50% coffee and milk. This drink is perfect for anyone looking for a more luxurious coffee drink.	A flat white is traditionally an 8-oz drink, with two shots of espresso and whole milk. This drink is perfect for anyone who enjoys creamy coffee, thanks to the whole milk.